EC2 Instance Storage

Animation Speed:
Slower Faster

About this visualization:

FIO Benchmark Configuration
[global]
name=random_write
filename=/dev/(varies)
direct=1
sync=1
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=16
size=500G
runtime=(varies)
time_based=1
group_reporting=1
numjobs=1
randrepeat=0
norandommap=1

[random_writes]
rw=randwrite
bs=4k
rate_iops=10
Raw FIO Results
## i4i.xlarge with attached 872 GB NVMe

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2607: Mon Apr 14 00:46:16 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=2138, max=21001, avg=3897.31, stdev=1565.52
    clat (nsec): min=25557, max=54363, avg=33711.65, stdev=3022.84
     lat (nsec): min=28477, max=65020, avg=37608.96, stdev=3811.98
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[27264],  5.00th=[29312], 10.00th=[30080], 20.00th=[31360],
     | 30.00th=[32384], 40.00th=[33024], 50.00th=[34048], 60.00th=[34560],
     | 70.00th=[35072], 80.00th=[35584], 90.00th=[36608], 95.00th=[37632],
     | 99.00th=[43776], 99.50th=[49408], 99.90th=[54528], 99.95th=[54528],
     | 99.99th=[54528]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 50=99.67%, 100=0.33%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.00%, ctx=1200, majf=0, minf=9
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60001-60001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=51/599, sectors=2126/4792, merge=0/0, ticks=3/18, in_queue=20, util=0.00%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2646: Mon Apr 14 00:59:03 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=2167, max=39077, avg=4922.96, stdev=3880.19
    clat (usec): min=5, max=4447, avg=37.79, stdev=115.86
     lat (usec): min=27, max=4452, avg=42.71, stdev=115.90
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   26],  5.00th=[   29], 10.00th=[   30], 20.00th=[   31],
     | 30.00th=[   32], 40.00th=[   33], 50.00th=[   34], 60.00th=[   35],
     | 70.00th=[   35], 80.00th=[   37], 90.00th=[   40], 95.00th=[   44],
     | 99.00th=[   54], 99.50th=[   59], 99.90th=[ 2802], 99.95th=[ 3720],
     | 99.99th=[ 4424]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 10=0.07%, 20=0.17%, 50=97.68%, 100=1.95%, 250=0.02%
  lat (msec)   : 4=0.10%, 10=0.02%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.02%, ctx=11992, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=52/5999, sectors=2127/47992, merge=0/0, ticks=4/195, in_queue=199, util=0.13%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2682: Mon Apr 14 02:01:50 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=1877, max=45961, avg=4043.56, stdev=1900.42
    clat (usec): min=8, max=4989, avg=39.40, stdev=137.61
     lat (usec): min=26, max=4991, avg=43.44, stdev=137.62
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   28],  5.00th=[   29], 10.00th=[   30], 20.00th=[   31],
     | 30.00th=[   31], 40.00th=[   32], 50.00th=[   33], 60.00th=[   34],
     | 70.00th=[   34], 80.00th=[   35], 90.00th=[   36], 95.00th=[   38],
     | 99.00th=[   51], 99.50th=[   93], 99.90th=[ 2999], 99.95th=[ 3556],
     | 99.99th=[ 4424]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=98.91%, 100=0.58%, 250=0.06%
  lat (usec)   : 500=0.18%, 750=0.03%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.07%, 4=0.11%, 10=0.04%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.02%, ctx=71988, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600001-3600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=51/35999, sectors=2126/287992, merge=0/0, ticks=3/1264, in_queue=1268, util=0.05%
```



## i7ie.xlarge with attached 2.3TB NVMe

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2326: Mon Apr 14 00:46:17 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=9321, max=29202, avg=14392.04, stdev=4281.88
    clat (usec): min=25, max=296, avg=37.51, stdev=27.12
     lat (usec): min=37, max=307, avg=51.90, stdev=27.45
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   28],  5.00th=[   29], 10.00th=[   30], 20.00th=[   31],
     | 30.00th=[   31], 40.00th=[   32], 50.00th=[   33], 60.00th=[   34],
     | 70.00th=[   36], 80.00th=[   42], 90.00th=[   45], 95.00th=[   47],
     | 99.00th=[  229], 99.50th=[  273], 99.90th=[  297], 99.95th=[  297],
     | 99.99th=[  297]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 50=98.17%, 100=0.50%, 250=0.33%, 500=1.00%
  cpu          : usr=0.05%, sys=0.00%, ctx=1200, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60001-60001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=50/599, sectors=2116/4792, merge=0/0, ticks=2/18, in_queue=21, util=0.01%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2408: Mon Apr 14 00:59:13 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=8856, max=47484, avg=14488.97, stdev=5030.84
    clat (usec): min=3, max=444, avg=48.72, stdev=49.02
     lat (usec): min=33, max=455, avg=63.21, stdev=48.98
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   28],  5.00th=[   30], 10.00th=[   31], 20.00th=[   32],
     | 30.00th=[   34], 40.00th=[   36], 50.00th=[   41], 60.00th=[   43],
     | 70.00th=[   44], 80.00th=[   45], 90.00th=[   49], 95.00th=[   61],
     | 99.00th=[  297], 99.50th=[  314], 99.90th=[  388], 99.95th=[  408],
     | 99.99th=[  445]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 4=0.03%, 10=0.02%, 20=0.03%, 50=90.78%, 100=4.82%
  lat (usec)   : 250=1.22%, 500=3.10%
  cpu          : usr=0.02%, sys=0.03%, ctx=11938, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=50/5999, sectors=2116/47992, merge=0/0, ticks=2/236, in_queue=238, util=0.11%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2446: Mon Apr 14 02:01:55 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=9254, max=61759, avg=21009.81, stdev=4651.05
    clat (usec): min=3, max=437, avg=39.54, stdev=25.97
     lat (usec): min=36, max=449, avg=60.55, stdev=26.19
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   29],  5.00th=[   31], 10.00th=[   32], 20.00th=[   33],
     | 30.00th=[   34], 40.00th=[   35], 50.00th=[   36], 60.00th=[   37],
     | 70.00th=[   38], 80.00th=[   42], 90.00th=[   47], 95.00th=[   49],
     | 99.00th=[  215], 99.50th=[  285], 99.90th=[  338], 99.95th=[  363],
     | 99.99th=[  400]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 4=0.01%, 10=0.03%, 20=0.01%, 50=96.48%, 100=2.41%
  lat (usec)   : 250=0.29%, 500=0.79%
  cpu          : usr=0.02%, sys=0.04%, ctx=71867, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600001-3600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=50/35999, sectors=2116/287992, merge=0/0, ticks=2/1183, in_queue=1185, util=0.02%
```




## r7i with 550GB gp3 volume with 3k provisioned IOPS

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2411: Mon Apr 14 00:46:19 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60002msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=10904, max=54728, avg=19953.58, stdev=7933.02
    clat (usec): min=530, max=1390, avg=817.19, stdev=102.06
     lat (usec): min=548, max=1417, avg=837.14, stdev=101.43
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  619],  5.00th=[  685], 10.00th=[  709], 20.00th=[  742],
     | 30.00th=[  758], 40.00th=[  783], 50.00th=[  799], 60.00th=[  824],
     | 70.00th=[  848], 80.00th=[  881], 90.00th=[  947], 95.00th=[ 1012],
     | 99.00th=[ 1139], 99.50th=[ 1205], 99.90th=[ 1385], 99.95th=[ 1385],
     | 99.99th=[ 1385]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 750=24.17%, 1000=69.83%
  lat (msec)   : 2=6.00%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.04%, ctx=1209, majf=0, minf=11
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60002-60002msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=2/620, sectors=16/5128, merge=0/13, ticks=2/494, in_queue=496, util=0.32%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2434: Mon Apr 14 00:59:21 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=10041, max=60115, avg=21054.20, stdev=8450.26
    clat (usec): min=587, max=3730, avg=948.88, stdev=135.88
     lat (usec): min=598, max=3762, avg=969.93, stdev=136.74
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  676],  5.00th=[  725], 10.00th=[  758], 20.00th=[  824],
     | 30.00th=[  914], 40.00th=[  955], 50.00th=[  979], 60.00th=[  996],
     | 70.00th=[ 1012], 80.00th=[ 1037], 90.00th=[ 1074], 95.00th=[ 1106],
     | 99.00th=[ 1188], 99.50th=[ 1270], 99.90th=[ 2278], 99.95th=[ 2573],
     | 99.99th=[ 3720]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 750=9.47%, 1000=53.83%
  lat (msec)   : 2=36.58%, 4=0.12%
  cpu          : usr=0.02%, sys=0.04%, ctx=12007, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=19/6117, sectors=784/49368, merge=79/35, ticks=15/5682, in_queue=5697, util=0.88%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2466: Mon Apr 14 02:02:00 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600002msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=11, max=135, avg=28.78, stdev= 7.44
    clat (usec): min=623, max=5302, avg=1012.66, stdev=122.67
     lat (usec): min=654, max=5334, avg=1041.44, stdev=123.46
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  840],  5.00th=[  906], 10.00th=[  930], 20.00th=[  955],
     | 30.00th=[  979], 40.00th=[  988], 50.00th=[ 1004], 60.00th=[ 1020],
     | 70.00th=[ 1037], 80.00th=[ 1057], 90.00th=[ 1090], 95.00th=[ 1123],
     | 99.00th=[ 1205], 99.50th=[ 1270], 99.90th=[ 2769], 99.95th=[ 3556],
     | 99.99th=[ 5145]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   32, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.19, samples=7199
   iops        : min=    8, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.05, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 750=0.12%, 1000=46.00%
  lat (msec)   : 2=53.70%, 4=0.14%, 10=0.04%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.05%, ctx=72010, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600002-3600002msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=50/36851, sectors=1728/297712, merge=166/266, ticks=40/36603, in_queue=36643, util=1.02%
```




## r7i with 550GB io2 volume with 16k provisioned IOPS

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2289: Mon Apr 14 00:46:20 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=19110, max=57375, avg=30083.48, stdev=3185.95
    clat (usec): min=269, max=1745, avg=387.91, stdev=98.22
     lat (usec): min=298, max=1774, avg=417.99, stdev=98.35
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  277],  5.00th=[  289], 10.00th=[  293], 20.00th=[  306],
     | 30.00th=[  314], 40.00th=[  330], 50.00th=[  400], 60.00th=[  429],
     | 70.00th=[  445], 80.00th=[  457], 90.00th=[  486], 95.00th=[  506],
     | 99.00th=[  545], 99.50th=[  562], 99.90th=[ 1745], 99.95th=[ 1745],
     | 99.99th=[ 1745]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 500=94.00%, 750=5.67%, 1000=0.17%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.17%
  cpu          : usr=0.05%, sys=0.04%, ctx=1205, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60001-60001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=0/619, sectors=0/5096, merge=0/11, ticks=0/231, in_queue=231, util=0.05%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2308: Mon Apr 14 00:59:27 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=15916, max=46502, avg=28349.64, stdev=3138.24
    clat (usec): min=260, max=1352, avg=401.39, stdev=82.69
     lat (usec): min=283, max=1383, avg=429.74, stdev=82.83
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  277],  5.00th=[  289], 10.00th=[  297], 20.00th=[  310],
     | 30.00th=[  326], 40.00th=[  400], 50.00th=[  424], 60.00th=[  441],
     | 70.00th=[  457], 80.00th=[  469], 90.00th=[  490], 95.00th=[  510],
     | 99.00th=[  553], 99.50th=[  586], 99.90th=[  979], 99.95th=[ 1303],
     | 99.99th=[ 1352]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 500=92.65%, 750=7.20%, 1000=0.08%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.07%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.05%, ctx=12011, majf=0, minf=13
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=23/6209, sectors=928/50400, merge=84/53, ticks=12/2398, in_queue=2409, util=0.25%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2343: Mon Apr 14 02:02:05 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=15331, max=82212, avg=31628.22, stdev=4355.95
    clat (usec): min=255, max=4879, avg=404.18, stdev=78.34
     lat (usec): min=283, max=4908, avg=435.81, stdev=78.20
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  277],  5.00th=[  289], 10.00th=[  297], 20.00th=[  314],
     | 30.00th=[  338], 40.00th=[  408], 50.00th=[  424], 60.00th=[  441],
     | 70.00th=[  453], 80.00th=[  465], 90.00th=[  486], 95.00th=[  502],
     | 99.00th=[  545], 99.50th=[  562], 99.90th=[  668], 99.95th=[  938],
     | 99.99th=[ 1270]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 500=94.25%, 750=5.67%, 1000=0.04%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.04%, 10=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.06%, ctx=72015, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600001-3600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=52/36863, sectors=1776/298040, merge=170/259, ticks=28/14355, in_queue=14382, util=0.05%
```




## r7i with 550GB io1 volume with 3k provisioned IOPS

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2061: Mon Apr 14 00:46:21 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=20267, max=56100, avg=30584.11, stdev=4023.59
    clat (usec): min=664, max=1393, avg=845.64, stdev=63.94
     lat (usec): min=696, max=1423, avg=876.22, stdev=64.06
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  693],  5.00th=[  750], 10.00th=[  775], 20.00th=[  799],
     | 30.00th=[  816], 40.00th=[  832], 50.00th=[  840], 60.00th=[  857],
     | 70.00th=[  873], 80.00th=[  889], 90.00th=[  914], 95.00th=[  947],
     | 99.00th=[  988], 99.50th=[ 1057], 99.90th=[ 1401], 99.95th=[ 1401],
     | 99.99th=[ 1401]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 750=5.17%, 1000=94.00%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.83%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.06%, ctx=1207, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60001-60001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=2/661, sectors=16/5520, merge=0/16, ticks=1/544, in_queue=545, util=0.97%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2078: Mon Apr 14 00:59:37 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=18469, max=54701, avg=29488.92, stdev=2027.83
    clat (usec): min=632, max=1314, avg=854.42, stdev=58.78
     lat (usec): min=662, max=1342, avg=883.91, stdev=58.83
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  709],  5.00th=[  766], 10.00th=[  791], 20.00th=[  807],
     | 30.00th=[  824], 40.00th=[  840], 50.00th=[  848], 60.00th=[  865],
     | 70.00th=[  881], 80.00th=[  898], 90.00th=[  922], 95.00th=[  947],
     | 99.00th=[ 1020], 99.50th=[ 1045], 99.90th=[ 1139], 99.95th=[ 1270],
     | 99.99th=[ 1319]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 750=3.17%, 1000=95.38%
  lat (msec)   : 2=1.45%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.05%, ctx=12010, majf=0, minf=13
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=10/6138, sectors=320/49664, merge=30/36, ticks=6/5111, in_queue=5117, util=1.00%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2113: Mon Apr 14 02:02:10 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=13941, max=78361, avg=29921.34, stdev=4658.63
    clat (usec): min=298, max=5589, avg=853.66, stdev=82.26
     lat (usec): min=331, max=5620, avg=883.58, stdev=82.28
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  676],  5.00th=[  750], 10.00th=[  775], 20.00th=[  807],
     | 30.00th=[  824], 40.00th=[  840], 50.00th=[  857], 60.00th=[  873],
     | 70.00th=[  881], 80.00th=[  906], 90.00th=[  930], 95.00th=[  955],
     | 99.00th=[ 1020], 99.50th=[ 1045], 99.90th=[ 1188], 99.95th=[ 1434],
     | 99.99th=[ 3064]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 500=0.28%, 750=5.24%, 1000=92.90%
  lat (msec)   : 2=1.56%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.05%, ctx=72012, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600001-3600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=360/36941, sectors=25128/325016, merge=345/339, ticks=202/30915, in_queue=31117, util=0.89%
```




## r7i with 550GB gp2 (1650 / 3000 iops)

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2054: Mon Apr 14 00:46:24 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60002msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=13138, max=61088, avg=31328.72, stdev=8076.93
    clat (usec): min=831, max=1253, avg=1023.18, stdev=57.65
     lat (usec): min=864, max=1285, avg=1054.51, stdev=58.16
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  865],  5.00th=[  914], 10.00th=[  955], 20.00th=[  979],
     | 30.00th=[  996], 40.00th=[ 1012], 50.00th=[ 1020], 60.00th=[ 1037],
     | 70.00th=[ 1045], 80.00th=[ 1074], 90.00th=[ 1090], 95.00th=[ 1123],
     | 99.00th=[ 1172], 99.50th=[ 1172], 99.90th=[ 1254], 99.95th=[ 1254],
     | 99.99th=[ 1254]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 1000=31.00%
  lat (msec)   : 2=69.00%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.07%, ctx=1208, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60002-60002msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=2/618, sectors=16/5080, merge=0/11, ticks=1/618, in_queue=620, util=1.04%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2073: Mon Apr 14 00:59:44 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600002msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=12245, max=67152, avg=29648.21, stdev=4614.40
    clat (usec): min=776, max=1983, avg=1031.03, stdev=60.47
     lat (usec): min=807, max=1999, avg=1060.68, stdev=60.72
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  873],  5.00th=[  930], 10.00th=[  963], 20.00th=[  988],
     | 30.00th=[ 1004], 40.00th=[ 1020], 50.00th=[ 1029], 60.00th=[ 1045],
     | 70.00th=[ 1057], 80.00th=[ 1074], 90.00th=[ 1106], 95.00th=[ 1123],
     | 99.00th=[ 1172], 99.50th=[ 1205], 99.90th=[ 1303], 99.95th=[ 1614],
     | 99.99th=[ 1991]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   39, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=    9, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.09, samples=1199
  lat (usec)   : 1000=26.53%
  lat (msec)   : 2=73.47%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.06%, ctx=12010, majf=0, minf=12
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600002-600002msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=15/6186, sectors=536/50008, merge=52/39, ticks=7/6243, in_queue=6250, util=1.00%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2119: Mon Apr 14 02:02:17 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600002msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=11, max=110, avg=29.23, stdev= 8.79
    clat (usec): min=319, max=8829, avg=1022.24, stdev=77.36
     lat (usec): min=343, max=8848, avg=1051.47, stdev=78.00
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  881],  5.00th=[  938], 10.00th=[  955], 20.00th=[  979],
     | 30.00th=[  996], 40.00th=[ 1004], 50.00th=[ 1020], 60.00th=[ 1037],
     | 70.00th=[ 1045], 80.00th=[ 1057], 90.00th=[ 1090], 95.00th=[ 1106],
     | 99.00th=[ 1172], 99.50th=[ 1205], 99.90th=[ 1369], 99.95th=[ 1713],
     | 99.99th=[ 2966]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (usec)   : 500=0.05%, 750=0.08%, 1000=34.08%
  lat (msec)   : 2=65.76%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.06%, ctx=72007, majf=0, minf=13
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600002-3600002msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme0n1: ios=363/36958, sectors=24528/324656, merge=343/337, ticks=194/37106, in_queue=37301, util=1.01%
```




## r6id.4xlarge (th 884GB NVME volume

### 1 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2172: Mon Apr 14 00:46:26 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(2400KiB/60001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=1965, max=21401, avg=3824.50, stdev=1203.42
    clat (usec): min=26, max=183, avg=30.67, stdev= 6.68
     lat (usec): min=29, max=205, avg=34.49, stdev= 7.50
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   27],  5.00th=[   28], 10.00th=[   28], 20.00th=[   29],
     | 30.00th=[   30], 40.00th=[   30], 50.00th=[   31], 60.00th=[   31],
     | 70.00th=[   32], 80.00th=[   32], 90.00th=[   34], 95.00th=[   35],
     | 99.00th=[   39], 99.50th=[   40], 99.90th=[  184], 99.95th=[  184],
     | 99.99th=[  184]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.07, stdev= 0.73, samples=119
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.02, stdev= 0.18, samples=119
  lat (usec)   : 50=99.83%, 250=0.17%
  cpu          : usr=0.03%, sys=0.00%, ctx=1200, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,600,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=2400KiB (2458kB), run=60001-60001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=49/599, sectors=2126/4792, merge=0/0, ticks=4/16, in_queue=19, util=0.01%
```

### 10 min

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2208: Mon Apr 14 00:59:51 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(23.4MiB/600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=1848, max=37486, avg=4923.86, stdev=4278.82
    clat (nsec): min=933, max=55991, avg=31481.88, stdev=4504.11
     lat (nsec): min=25890, max=70917, avg=36405.74, stdev=6041.51
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[25984],  5.00th=[27264], 10.00th=[27520], 20.00th=[28288],
     | 30.00th=[29056], 40.00th=[30080], 50.00th=[30848], 60.00th=[31360],
     | 70.00th=[32128], 80.00th=[33024], 90.00th=[36096], 95.00th=[41728],
     | 99.00th=[47872], 99.50th=[48896], 99.90th=[52480], 99.95th=[55552],
     | 99.99th=[56064]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.01, stdev= 0.33, samples=1199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.08, samples=1199
  lat (nsec)   : 1000=0.02%
  lat (usec)   : 2=0.05%, 10=0.20%, 20=0.10%, 50=99.25%, 100=0.38%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.02%, ctx=11964, majf=0, minf=13
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,6000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=23.4MiB (24.6MB), run=600001-600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=49/5999, sectors=2126/47992, merge=0/0, ticks=3/161, in_queue=164, util=0.34%
```

### 1 hour

```
random_writes: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.36
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1), 0-10 IOPS: [w(1)][100.0%][w=40KiB/s][w=10 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
random_writes: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=2256: Mon Apr 14 02:02:22 2025
  write: IOPS=9, BW=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s)(141MiB/3600001msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (nsec): min=1839, max=39382, avg=4753.26, stdev=3221.11
    clat (nsec): min=999, max=14820k, avg=33119.01, stdev=129691.91
     lat (usec): min=25, max=14822, avg=37.87, stdev=129.74
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[   27],  5.00th=[   28], 10.00th=[   28], 20.00th=[   29],
     | 30.00th=[   29], 40.00th=[   30], 50.00th=[   31], 60.00th=[   32],
     | 70.00th=[   32], 80.00th=[   33], 90.00th=[   36], 95.00th=[   38],
     | 99.00th=[   48], 99.50th=[   55], 99.90th=[  392], 99.95th=[  545],
     | 99.99th=[ 7767]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=   40, max=   48, per=100.00%, avg=40.00, stdev= 0.13, samples=7199
   iops        : min=   10, max=   12, avg=10.00, stdev= 0.03, samples=7199
  lat (nsec)   : 1000=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 2=0.02%, 10=0.04%, 20=0.07%, 50=99.21%, 100=0.37%
  lat (usec)   : 250=0.12%, 500=0.10%, 750=0.04%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=0.01%, sys=0.02%, ctx=71940, majf=0, minf=11
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,36000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s), 40.0KiB/s-40.0KiB/s (41.0kB/s-41.0kB/s), io=141MiB (147MB), run=3600001-3600001msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  nvme1n1: ios=49/35999, sectors=2126/287992, merge=0/0, ticks=4/1053, in_queue=1056, util=0.07%
```